Oxygen and pH along upwelling margins a larval ecologist's perspective

Along upwelling margins, pH and oxygen vary on multiple temporal and spatial scales, and in many places levels are decreasing with climate change. Altogether, these pH and oxygen changes could have implications for invertebrate larval performance. I will present our current understanding of oxygen and pH variability in nearshore settings along upwelling-influenced margins and the implications for early life stages of invertebrates. With realization of these implications, I will also highlight results from controlled laboratory experiments that elucidate the relative roles of oxygen, pH and variability on fertilization in temperate echinoids and larval development of two Mytilus mussel species. Lastly, given the elusive nature of larval distributions in the environment, I will discuss the development of a carbonate-based proxy that reflects differing pH exposures of shell-bearing larvae