Extreme El Niño events amplify floods, droughts, and wildfire risk worldwide, yet models still disagree on how ENSO variability will evolve under anthropogenic warming. Using multi-century CESM1.2 simulations spanning the Last Glacial Maximum to future scenarios, together with individual foraminiferal analyses (including new central Pacific/Line Islands constraints), we show that ...
Locked beneath its icy crust, Jupiter’s moon Europa likely harbors one of the largest bodies of liquid water in the Solar System - a global, salty, internal ocean that may present a hospitable environment for life. Currently, investigations of the composition of Europa’s geologically young, fractured surface provide our best ...
